地质灾害课件

❶ 哪位朋友有灾害地质学、水文地质学的PPT课件啊麻烦提供一下，不甚感激。

中科院成都山地所应该研究灾害地质学，到那边网站上看看

❷ 如何正确应对地震的次生灾害 课件

地震次生灾害一般是指地震强烈震动后，以震动的破坏后果为导因而引起的一系列其他灾害。

如：地震发生后，可能引起火灾、毒气污染、细菌污染、放射性污染、滑坡和泥石流、水灾；沿海地区可能遭受海啸的袭击；冬天发生的地震容易引起冻灾；夏天发生的地震，由于人畜尸体来不及处理及环境条件的恶化，可引起环境污染和瘟疫流行等等。


第一节地震次生灾害的种类
地震发生后，可能引起火灾、毒气污染、细菌污染、放射性污染、滑坡和泥石流、水灾；沿海地区可能遭受海啸的袭击；冬天发生的地震容易引起冻灾；夏天发生的地震，由于人畜尸体来不及处理及环境条件的恶化，可引起环境污染和瘟疫流行；另外，震时有的人跳楼，公共场所的群众蜂拥外逃可造成称为“盲目避震”的摔、挤、踩等伤亡；大地震后由于人们的恐震心理、地震谣传或误传，还可出现不分时间、不分地区“盲目搭建防震棚”灾害；随着生产力的发展，一些新的次生灾害也可能出现，如高层建筑玻璃损坏造成的“玻璃雨”灾害；信息储存系统破坏引起的称为“记忆毁坏”灾害等。

第二节城市地震次生灾害
地震火灾产生的原因
(1) 炉火引起火灾。炉火包括民用炉火和工商业用炉火。由于地震震动，炉具倾倒、损坏引起火灾。目前，该类火灾在我国占主要比例。

（2）电气设施损坏引起火灾。强烈地震时，电气线路和设备都有可能损坏或产生故障，有时还会发生电弧，引起易燃物质的燃烧，产生火灾。

(3) 化学制剂的化学反应引起火灾。化验室、实验室、化学仓库里的化学品剂品种多、性质复杂。强烈地震时，各种品剂产生碰撞或掉在地上，容器或包装破坏，化学品剂脱出或流出。有的在空气中可自燃，有些性质不同的品剂混在一起而产生化学反应，引起燃烧或爆炸。

(4) 高温高压生产工序的爆炸和燃烧。有些生产工序，特别是化工生产中的聚合、合成、磷化、氧化、还原等工序，一般都具有放热反应和高温高压的特点，极易产生爆炸和燃烧。由于地震时往往停电、停水，正在进行生产的工序，由于停电造成停止搅拌和失去冷却水的控制，温度和压力骤然上升，当超过反应容器耐温耐压极限时，就可产生爆炸和燃烧。

(5) 易燃、易爆物质的燃烧和爆炸。易燃易爆物质有气体、液体和固体三种。主要有天然气、煤气、沼气、乙炔气、石油类产品、酒类产品、火柴、弹药等。地震时，盛装上列物质的容器可能损坏，物品脱出或泄出，如遇火源，即可起火。有些物质，如火柴、弹药，怕碰撞。地震时，由于撞击和摩擦，这些物品可产生爆炸和燃烧。有些液体，如石油，地震时油管或容器的损坏，液体的高速流动，产生很高静电，在喷入空间时，与某种接地体之间形成很高的电位差，引起集中放电，引燃液体形成爆炸。该类火灾往往规模大，损失严重。

(6) 烟囱损坏。强烈地震对烟囱的破坏是很大的，由于烟囱破坏，烟火很容易冒出炉外引起火灾。

(7) 防震棚火灾。防震棚火灾是震区的一种较普遍的火灾，其产生原因有两个方面。

一方面，防震棚多是简易临时建筑，搭建很快，很少考虑安全防火措施。建筑材料一般为笆、苇箔、油毡及塑料布等易燃材料。防震棚内空间小，各种物品靠得很紧，火种易于传播。防震棚密度很大，消防通道狭窄，又没有必要的消防器材和设备，一旦着火，不易扑灭，易形成“火烧连营”，造成重大损失。

另一方面，主要是人们缺乏防火知识，思想麻痹，用火不慎造成的。


毒气、细菌、放射性污染产生的原因
毒气污染、细菌污染和放射性污染是城市潜在的次生灾害，其产生原因比火灾简单得多。一般局限于生产、储存及使用这些物质的部门，涉及面较小。它们的产生一般来自两个方面：①生产车间破坏、储存容器损坏；②生产或使用时的失控造成。


“盲目避震”灾害产生的原因
“盲目避震”灾害也是城市或人口稠密地区的一个较普遍的地震次生灾害。除了客观原因外，其主要原因是，人们缺乏地震知识，恐震心理严重，地震时惊慌，不正确地采取避震措施造成的。

第三节地震滑坡和泥石流灾害
我国是一个多山的国家，山地、丘陵和比较崎岖的高原占全国总面积的三分之二。这些地区地震时一般都伴随不同程度的崩塌、滑坡和泥石流灾害，它是一类严重的地震次生灾害。

崩塌是陡坡上大块的多裂隙的岩体在地震力或重力作用下突然崩落的现象。滑坡是斜坡上不稳定的土体(或岩体)在地震力或重力作用下沿一定的滑动面（滑动带）整体向下滑动的现象。崩塌实际上是滑坡的一种特殊情况，因此，本节不再单独说明崩塌的问题。泥石流是山地在地震力或重力作用下暴发的饱含大量水、泥、砂、石块的洪流。本节仅就地震作用下产生的滑坡和泥石流(称为地震滑坡、泥石流)进行介绍和讨论，而自然滑坡和泥石流不予赘述。

地震滑坡和泥石流的特征

❸ 以“自然灾害，呼吁拯救地球”为主题的PPT，从哪几个方面做

先从大范围看，将整个地球随着灾害的加重而不断恶化，再从局部，看那些工业回发达的国家的环境答，还有以开采资源为主要发展方式的国家的环境，最终将主题引向人类最后的命运，让人们意识到只有不断改善自然环境才会长存。。。。

❹ 急求英语演讲稿PPT，讲关于最近自然灾害（如日本地震什么的。拜托了TAT 邮箱：[email protected]

具体可看这里http://user.qzone.qq.com/907790443/blog/1300004760ENGLISH

About Japan's 9.0 earthquake some people will sympathy for some people would be glad that is normal 2 extremely differentiation, this is because you think differ ~ I think in this talk about my personal opinion ~ I am a senior middle students (pen name: half a bottle of fairy vinegar), I thank is now a free speech world ~

Indeed for our country implemented before Japan had a major wars of aggression, but we should recognize the each democratic countries will be to his own people and state interests struggle. At the expense of other countries, while Japan that year for our people of brutal really let every one of us is hated very much, but it also has its profound reason is mainly Japan location in the Eurasia plate and the Pacific plate junction of volcanic earthquakes are a belt. And secondary disasters, although more sea resources are rich. Then it's because when Japanese and cultural ideological mostly used in China, one of the aesthetic - cruel beauty, bloody beauty. Observe carefully will find our China at that time (period of feudalism) many art craft, painting can discover, this is our art teacher said. Don't know how Japan will this kind of understanding has been developing down, and we China graally emerged many other ideas to make our country becomes a formal state (I'm not quite sure process). Every country has its different ethnic concept and know that we must admit, such as the European countries, the Chinese implicative candid, etc... It's all because of different objective thing role and of generation, is the objective world of the proct.

But now Japanese does and former different, humanitarian already thorough popular feeling, it seems we China -- had many other countries are not understand China, some still think Chinese man still keep long braid, women still wrapped tuck diveseethe attacks, but now we real Chinese! Doesn't the same, this is just like us to Japan's understanding, we must not immutable treat problems, we should know objective thing is developing and changing. History we should remember, but the national editing < history textbook: what is the cause of, difficult way is want us to avenge, no! No, is to use to motivate us for our national struggle, make our country stronger, the have-nots no diplomatic. This is inevitable ~ (our country graally strong but can not to invade other people's country, we just guard in the national interest)

Those old aggression our Japanese people already meaninglessness, now of the Japanese and we have no hatred, our friendly, Chinese people should not on others when the natural disasters schadenfreude, we look at the national leaders are timely help, we Chinese people also deal with others to help and care, I believe that the vast majority of Chinese people are friendly, which we can not to point and surface, we must let the other countries see we Chinese tolerance and generous side, we Chinese are "dragon". Who is a natural attributes and social attribute, the fusion of people are to have emotional animal not inorganic, how can we really looking at human eye such by nature decree? ~

Now geological disasters occur frequently, if have really "the end of the world", also only depend on our worldwide countries unite together to respond, comprehensive all science and technology will likely be successful, an independent state is impossible, to know we are all people, is the crystallization of the universe, the universe is the ultimate proct, perhaps disasters logic factors is for people of the world unite ~

Today is March 20 in 2011, Sunday afternoon, our school has been canceled, continue to write this article is the most significant this week my mind ~ then get down to business! See a story on television recently in the rescue team - go to day care basic depend to daily life in Japan, the disaster, pitched tents where relief will live in tents, where water is e to lack of general physical practice "three-no wash", i.e. not shave, don't wash feet, not wash hands, they day water is what most of the bubble instant noodles, they go to the Japanese shops to buy some food Japanese merchants in China after that they are resolute don't accept money teams and sent rescue teams some daily no-brainer and some restricted foods, handshake friendly, it makes the Japanese people know Asian people didn't give up on them. Rescuers captain said: "we walk on the way to disaster relief, each place the Japanese people met we thank bow, but they use very fluent Chinese said to us," hello, thank. This moment I feel my heart seems to be touched, why all nations in the world people cannot like a family harmony? I believe this must be realized ~

Japan "earthquake", "tsunami", "nuclear leaked," "east Japan may be completely destroyed," "Japan 2 million people missing" these news out graally, but I saw a lot of online but in troubled clap, say many bad word, see more my mood more sad, I know the nanjing massacre, the diaoyu island events, but is it really this is people's fault? Here is an in Shanghai in the living in Japan for Chinese Internet users say "from Japan since I came to China I know many don't know deep in Japan, I can understand what happened in our country when some Chinese natural disaster, but I would be glad to such behavior understands that, if I am a Chinese may I will be also very happy, but when I saw a lot of Chinese people to our country's natural disasters give blessing, sympathy and help when I was deeply touched, I thank them to have such rational knowledge to treat our country's disaster, I feel very warm, I am here to those since our country aggression of the slain before that I am sorry people, really very sorry." Whenever I see a large group of people on the affected and the fading people say, sympathy and condolences from my heart the "good guys always feel more than bad," really ~, one the nanjing massacre survivors say "I maliciously is the Japanese government is not Japan people" (don't know is true, but the starting point is good).

Most of the Chinese earthquake in Japan in the sympathy when Posting online praying, but there are some who say they are "traitors"... Ill, said we 90 such learning is not learn, after this debate that online, some say that part of people called "cynical", I want to say is, indeed, regardless of any one thing, a light conflicts have dark, someone in favor of will certainly opposition, but the reason is because light day there will be a far outweigh its darkness, the nature of things that depends on far outweigh under certain conditions may darkness will be greater than the light (such as at night), but that is only temporary, the truth is higher than all, eventually light will come.

"Cynical" children, I thank your patriotic enthusiasm, I also very patriotic, I hope our Chinese more powerful (please everyone working together), I know that want to change your thinking is not easy, even impossible, but I don't plan to control, I hope is that the correct view of people don't shake faith of the heart. Know now after the 90 students (90%) why large portions of sympathy for Japan? "In Japan super-large after the earthquake, the 100 Chinese each university professor of Japan signed out issued a warm hand" article, arouse the help of the Japanese public countrymen on "a lot of Chinese (70%) also have given us a lot of help and sympathy ~ it is because of China's national ecation now in the constant rise, China's society in the unceasing development, although we now have a number of disadvantages in China, but I believe that China can do for humanity and life, people had a deeper understanding of men are different from animals, is because people have the rational understanding. Really a different social existence will decide a different social consciousness, when a new social existence appeared, there are some social consciousness is not soon becomes the corresponding social existence, which will have a long transition time, can appear even tolerate. Simple parable about although "equality" concept already thorough popular feeling, but there are still some country or some people still have the heart of the concept of "boys are better than girls". Here are "boys are better than girls" is the old days (social consciousness) lack of labor (social existence), and determined by the modern science and technology, proction level is high, high (the new social existence) and decided to "equality" (new social consciousness), these few person relations and like the parable of above same. We should understand "cynical" the mood, really in modern society "humanitarian", "life above all" has graally pervasive, and we all know the world is developing and changing, who can't prevent the objective world development and change (all history and the modern event can proof), the development of the objective world, despite the good aspects of always tends to be a history will sometimes backwards developed but also he will, the general trend is moving forward, is for the better, just all time length problem just (this is time power), all the wrong ideas and understanding will be social eliminated only accord with the objective reality development, the right would have been retained ~ it's like our China feudal society from a socialist country now AD hoc as, I thank Marx teach me these, "thank you." So in the modern "respect for every life" is what we should do, don't those Japanese dead our own countrymen can came alive? We can't change history, but it does not mean we will continue to give history ", "I still believe blackened new ideas right will eventually supplant old ideas.

I am a senior high school science students, our school is a week of Sunday afternoon put half afternoon false (5 hours) night at wanzi xi, (actually I compare lazy) but I spent two Sunday's time to write this story, because I see the miserable scene and Japanese earthquake victims disappointed eyes, loss of pain. Their eyes prompted me to write this article. (I want to become a scientist) ~ let I really really hope the world without war hope the whole world can coexist in peace, all together. I believe that this is possible (because it is compound the objective reality of)... Because good than bad always, hope you can send this article reproced or released to all over the world, thank you ~ (out)

Author: half a bottle of fairy vinegar (pen name)

❺ 初一寒假地理作业防灾避险，从我做起的ppt如何制作

赏30分！赏30分！赏30分！赏30分！赏30分！

❻ 我需要一些有关自然灾害的英文介绍，比如说地震啊，，海啸啊之类的，我要用来做PPT，谢谢各位啦=。=

我国是一个自然灾害频繁而又严重的国家，每年都有一些地区遭受干旱、洪涝、滑坡、泥石流、台风、冰雹、霜冻、病虫鼠草等灾害的袭击，地震灾害也时有发生，给人民生命财产造成严重损失。
China is a frequent natural disasters and the country every year, in some areas drought, 洪涝, landslides, the frost, typhoons, the hail, the grass, waiting for disasters and pests and diseases should attack. the earthquake, disaster can also occur to the people's lives and property incurred severe losses.
1.earthquake calamity地震灾害
中国除贵州、浙江省外，各省均发生过6级以上地震，其中发生过7级以上强震的省、自治区、直辖市就有19个。全国7级以上高烈度区的面积达312万平方公里，占国土面积的32％。全国45％的大中城市位于烈度为7度或7度以上的高烈度区。
China except outside Guizhou, Zhejiang Province, various provinces has 6 magnitude of above earthquakes, in which has had 7 level of above macroseism provinces,the autonomous region, the municipality has had 19.The national 7 level of above high intensity area area amounts to 3,120,000 square kilometers, occupies thenational territory area 32%.The national 45% big or media-sized cities are located the intensity are 7 degree or 7 degree above high intensity areas.
2.aridity calamity干旱灾害
水资源持续减少。The water resources rece continually.
湖泊水位降低，水面缩小甚至干涸。The lake water level reces, the water surface reces even dry.
冰川退缩和变薄 The glacier flinches and changes thin
沙漠化土地明显扩展。Desertification land obvious expansion.
3.spate calamity洪涝灾害
多年来，由于盲目开垦砍伐，使植被大面积丧失，造成水土流失、江河泥沙淤积，河床抬高。For many years, because blindly has opened up wasteland the felling, causes the vegetation big area to lose, creates the soil erosion, the rivers and streams silt siltation, the river bed run-up.
4.soil erosion 水土流失
我国是世界上水土流失最严重的国家之一，每年流失土壤50多亿吨，占世界总流失量（600亿吨〕的1／12，每年的入海泥沙量约20亿吨，亦占世界陆地人海泥沙量（240亿吨）的1／12。Our country is in the world one of soil erosion most serious countries, drains the soil more than 50 hundred million tons every year, occupies the world always drains the quantity (60,000,000,000tons) 1/12, every year enters the sea silt quantity approximately 2,000,000,000 tons, also accounts for the world land huge crowd silt quantity (24,000,000,000 tons) 1/12.
5.landslide 滑坡
如人为的爆破作用、开挖坡脚或矿坑、坡面上堆填加载、生产和生活用水下渗等改变了原有的地质环境，破坏了平衡，矿山、铁路、水库旁的山体滑坡主要是这个原因。If the artificial demolition effect, excavated on the toe of slope or the mine pit, the slope face the pile fills in under the load, the proction and the domestic water infiltrates and so on to change the original geological environment, destroyed the balance, nearby the mine, the railroad, the reservoir mountain massif landslide mainly is this reason.
人类的不合理生产活动，导致了环境的恶化，环境的恶化诱发或加重了自然灾害的发生，而自然灾害的发生又进一步破坏了环境，对人类进行了无情的报复，这是一个恶性循环。为了防止或减缓这一恶性循环的发生和延续，就必须充分发挥人类社会的调控机能，遵循自然规律，在人与自然环境之间寻求和谐的关系，改善环境，减轻灾害，为人类生存和社会发展创造更加美好的环境条件。
The humanity proces the activity not reasonably, has caused the environment worsening, the environment worsened suggestion or aggravated the natural disaster occurrence, but the natural disaster occurrence further destroyed the environment, has carried on the heartless retaliation to the humanity, this is a vicious circle.In order to prevent or slows down this vicious circle the occurrence and the extension, must display the human society fully the regulative function, the deference natural law, seeks the harmonious relations between the human and the natural environment, the improvement environment, reces the disaster,creates the happier environmental condition for the human survival and the social development.

❼ 地质灾害ppt

地质灾害是地质作用对人民生命财产和国家建设事业造成的危害，PPT是多媒体幻灯片