歷史地理學英語名詞

❶ 語文,數學,英語,物理,化學,生物,政治,歷史,地理,體育,美術的英語單詞分別怎麼寫

Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry, biology, politics, history, geography, sports, art

❷ 歷史地理學方面的英語介紹

Historical Geology

Historical geology focuses on the study of the evolution of earth and its life through time. Historical geology includes many subfields. Stratigraphy and sedimentary geology are fields that investigate layered rocks and the environments in which they are found. Geochronology is the study of determining the age of rocks, while paleontology is the study of fossils. Other fields, such as paleoceanography, paleoseismology, paleoclimatology, and paleomagnetism, apply geologic knowledge of ancient conditions to learn more about the earth. The Greek prefix paleo is used to identify ancient conditions or periods in time, and commonly means 「the reconstruction of the past.」

B1 Stratigraphy

Stratigraphy is the study of the history of the earth's crust, particularly its stratified (layered) rocks. Stratigraphy is concerned with determining age relationships of rocks as well as their distribution in space and time. Rocks may be studied in an outcrop but commonly are studied from drilled cores (samples that have been collected by drilling into the earth). Most of the earth's surface is covered with sediment or layered rocks that record much of geologic history; this is what makes stratigraphy important. It is also important for many economic and environmental reasons. A large portion of the world's fossil fuels, such as oil, gas, and coal, are found in stratified rocks, and much of the world's groundwater is stored in sediments or stratified rocks.

Stratigraphy may be subdivided into a number of fields. Biostratigraphy is the use of fossils for age determination and correlation of rock layers; magnetostratigraphy is the use of magnetic properties in rocks for similar purposes. Newer fields in stratigraphy include chemostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy. Chemostratigraphy uses chemical properties of strata for age determination and correlation as well as for recognizing events in the geologic record. For example, oxygen isotopes (forms of oxygen that contain a different number of neutrons in the nuclei of atoms) may provide evidence of an ancient paleoclimate. Carbon isotopes may identify biologic events, such as extinctions. Rare chemical elements may be concentrated in a marker layer (a distinctive layer that can be correlated over long distances). Seismic stratigraphy is the subsurface study of stratified rocks using seismic reflection techniques. This field has revolutionized stratigraphic studies since the late 1970s and is now used extensively both on land and offshore. Seismic stratigraphy is used for economic reasons, such as finding oil, and for scientific studies. An offshoot of seismic stratigraphy is sequence stratigraphy, which helps geologists reconstruct sea level changes throughout time. The rocks used in sequence stratigraphy are bounded by, or surrounded by, surfaces of erosion called unconformities.

B2 Sedimentology

Sedimentology, or sedimentary geology, is the study of sediments and sedimentary rocks and the determination of their origin. Sedimentary geology is process oriented, focusing on how sediment was deposited. Sedimentologists are geologists who attempt to interpret past environments based on the observed characteristics, called facies, of sedimentary rocks. Facies analysis uses physical, chemical, and biological characteristics to reconstruct ancient environments. Facies analysis helps sedimentologists determine the features of the layers, such as their geometry, or layer shape; porosity, or how many pores the rocks in the layers have; and permeability, or how permeable the layers are to fluids. This type of analysis is important economically for understanding oil and gas reservoirs as well as groundwater supplies.

B3 Geochronology

The determination of the age of rocks is called geochronology. The fundamental tool of geochronology is radiometric dating (the use of radioactive decay processes as recorded in earth materials to determine the numerical age of rocks). Most radiometric dating techniques are useful in dating igneous and metamorphic rocks and minerals. One type of non-radiometric dating, called strontium isotope dating, measures different forms of the element strontium in sedimentary materials to date the layers. Geologists also have ways to determine the ages of surfaces that have been exposed to the sun and to cosmic rays. These methods are called thermoluminescence dating and cosmogenic isotope dating. Geologists can count the annual layers recorded in tree rings, ice cores, and certain sediments such as those found in lakes, for very precise geochronology. However, this method is only useful for time periods up to tens of thousands of years. Some geoscientists are now using Milankovitch cycles (the record of change in materials caused by variations in the earth's orbit) as a geologic time clock. See also Dating Methods: Radiometric Dating.

B4 Paleontology and Paleobiology

Paleontology is the study of ancient or fossil life. Paleobiology is the application of biological principles to the study of ancient life on earth. These fields are fundamental to stratigraphy and are used to reconstruct the history of organisms' evolution and extinction throughout earth history. The oldest fossils are older than 3 billion years, although fossils do not become abundant and diverse until about 500 million years ago. Different fossil organisms are characteristic of different times, and at certain times in earth history, there have been mass extinctions (times when a large proportion of life disappears). Other organisms then replace the extinct forms. The study of fossils is one of the most useful tools for reconstructing geologic history because plants and animals are sensitive to environmental changes, such as changes in the climate, temperature, food sources, or sunlight. Their fossil record reflects the world that existed while they were alive. Paleontology is commonly divided into vertebrate paleontology (the study of organisms with backbones), invertebrate paleontology (the study of organisms without backbones), and micropaleontology (the study of microscopic fossil organisms). Many other subfields of paleontology exist as well. Paleobotanists study fossil plants, and palynologists study fossil pollen. Ichnology is the study of trace fossils—, trails, and burrows left by organisms. Paleoecology attempts to reconstruct the behavior and relationships of ancient organisms.

B5 Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology

Paleoceanography (the study of ancient oceans) and paleoclimatology (the study of ancient climates) are two subfields that use fossils to help reconstruct ancient conditions. Scientists also study stable isotopes, or different forms, of oxygen to reconstruct ancient temperatures. They use carbon and other chemicals to reconstruct aspects of ancient oceanographic and climatic conditions. Detailed paleoclimatic studies have used cores from ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland to reconstruct the last 200,000 years. Ocean cores, tree rings, and lake sediments are also useful in paleoclimatology. Geologists hope that by understanding past oceanographic and climatic changes, they can help predict future change.

VI HISTORY OF GEOLOGY

Geology originated as a modern scientific discipline in the 18th century, but humans have been collecting systematic knowledge of the earth since at least the Stone Age. In the Stone Age, people made stone tools and pottery, and had to know which materials were useful for these tasks. Between the 4th century and 1st century bc, ancient Greek and Roman philosophers began the task of keeping written records relating to geology. Throughout the medieval and Renaissance periods, people began to study mineralogy and made detailed geologic observations. The 18th and 19th centuries brought widespread study of geology, including the publication of Charles Lyell』s book Principles of Geology, and the National Surveys (expeditions that focused on the collection of geologic and other scientific data). The concept of geologic time was further developed ring the 19th century as well. At the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the field of geology expanded even more. During this time, geologists developed the theories of continental drift, plate tectonics, and seafloor spreading.

A Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophers

In western science, the first written records of geological thought come from the Greeks and Romans. In the 1st century bc, for example, Roman architect Vitruvius wrote about building materials such as pozzolana, a volcanic ash that Romans used to make hydraulic cement, which hardened under water. Historian Pliny the Elder, in his encyclopedia, Naturalis Historia (Natural History), summarized Greek and Roman ideas about nature.

Science as an organized system of thought can trace its roots back to the Greek philosopher Aristotle. In the 4th century bc Aristotle developed a philosophical system that explained nature in a methodical way. His system proposed that the world is made of four elements (earth, air, fire, and water), with four qualities (cold, hot, dry, and wet), and four causes (material, efficient, formal, and final). According to Aristotle, elements could change into one another, and the earth was filled with water and air, which could rush about and cause earthquakes. Other philosophers of this era who wrote about earth materials and processes include Aristotle's student Theophrastus, the author of an essay on stones.

B Chinese Civilizations

Chinese civilizations developed ideas about the earth and technologies for studying the earth. For example, in 132 AD the Chinese philosopher Chang Heng invented the earliest known seismoscope. This instrument had a circle of dragons holding balls in their mouths, surrounded by frogs at the base. The balls would drop into the mouths of frogs when an earthquake occurred. Depending on which ball was dropped, the direction of the earthquake could be determined.

C Medieval and Renaissance Periods

The nature and origin of minerals and rocks interested many ancient writers, and mineralogy may have been the first systematic study to arise in the earth sciences. The Saxon chemist Georgius Agricola wrote De Re Metallica (On the Subject of Metals) following early work by both the Islam natural philosopher Avicenna and the German naturalist Albertus Magnus. De Re Metallica was published in 1556, a year after Agricola』s death. Many consider this book to be the foundation of mineralogy, mining, and metallurgy.

Medieval thought was strongly influenced by Aristotle, but science began to move in a new direction ring the Renaissance Period. In the early 1600s, English natural philosopher Francis Bacon reasoned that detailed observations were required to make conclusions. Around this time French philosopher René Descartes argued for a new, rational system of thought. Most natural philosophers, or scientists, in this era studied many aspects of philosophy and science, not focusing on geology alone.

Studies of the earth ring this time can be placed in three categories. The first, cosmology, proposed a structure of the earth and its place in the universe. As an example of a cosmology, in the early 1500s Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus proposed that the earth was a satellite in a sun-centered system. The second category, cosmogony, concerned the origin of the earth and the solar system. The Saxon mathematician and natural philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm, Baron von Leibniz, in a cosmogony, described an initially molten earth, with a crust that cooled and broke up, forming mountains and valleys. The third category of study was in the tradition of Francis Bacon, and it involved detailed observations of rocks and related features. English scientist Robert Hooke and Danish anatomist and geologist Nicolaus Steno (Niels Stenson) both made observations in the 17th century of fossils and studied other geologic topics as well. In the 17th century, mineralogy also continued as an important field, both in theory and in practical matters, for example, with the work of German chemist J. J. Becher and Irish natural philosopher Robert Boyle.

D Geology in the 18th and 19th Centuries

By the 18th century, geological study began to emerge as a separate field. Italian mining geologist Giovanni Arino, Prussian chemist and mineralogist Johan Gottlob Lehmann, and Swedish chemist Torbern Bergman all developed ways to categorize the layers of rocks on the earth's surface. The German physician Georg Fuchsel defined the concept of a geologic formation—a distinctly mappable body of rocks. The German scientist Abraham Gottlob Werner called himself a geognost (a knower of the earth). He used these categorizations to develop a theory that the earth's layers had precipitated from a universal ocean. Werner's system was very influential, and his followers were known as Neptunists. This system suggested that even basalt and granite were precipitated from water. Others, such as English naturalists James Hutton and John Playfair, argued that basalt and granite were igneous rocks, solidified from molten materials, such as lava and magma. The group that held this belief became known as Volcanists or Plutonists.

By the early 19th century, many people were studying geologic topics, although the term geologist was not yet in general use. Scientists, such as Scottish geologist Charles Lyell, and French geologist Louis Constant Prevost, wanted to establish geology as a rational scientific field, like chemistry or physics. They found this goal to be a challenge in two important ways. First, some people wanted to reconcile geology with the account of creation in Genesis (a book of the Old Testament) or wanted to use supernatural explanations for geologic features. Second, others, such as French anatomist Georges Cuvier, used catastrophes to explain much of earth』s history. In response to these two challenges, Lyell proposed a strict form of uniformitarianism, which assumed not only uniformity of laws but also uniformity of rates and conditions. However, assuming the uniformity of rates and conditions was incorrect, because not all processes have had constant rates throughout time. Also, the earth has had different conditions throughout geologic time—that is, the earth as a rocky planet has evolved. Although Lyell was incorrect to assume uniformity of rates and conditions, his well reasoned and very influential three-volume book, Principles of Geology, was published and revised 11 times between 1830 and 1872. Many geologists consider this book to mark the beginning of geology as a professional field.

Although parts of their theories were rejected, Abraham Gottlob Werner and Georges Cuvier made important contributions to stratigraphy and historical geology. Werner's students and followers went about attempting to correlate rocks according to his system, developing the field of physical stratigraphy. Cuvier and his co-worker Alexandre Brongniart, along with English surveyor William Smith, established the principles of biostratigraphy, using fossils to establish the age of rocks and to correlate them from place to place. Later, with these established stratigraphies, geologists used fossils to reconstruct the history of life's evolution on earth.

E Age of Geologic Exploration

In the late 18th and the 19th centuries, naturalists on voyages of exploration began to make important contributions to geology. Reports by German natural historian Alexander von Humboldt about his travels influenced the worlds of science and art. The English naturalist Charles Darwin, well known for his theory of evolution, began his scientific career on the voyage of the HMS Beagle, where he made many geological observations. American geologist James Dwight Dana sailed with the Wilkes Expedition throughout the Pacific and made observations of volcanic islands and coral reefs. In the 1870s, the HMS Challenger was launched as the first expedition specifically to study the oceans.

Expeditions on land also led to new geologic observations. Countries and states established geological surveys in order to collect information and map geologic resources. For example, in the 1860s and 1870s Clarence King, Ferdinand V. Hayden, John Wesley Powell, and George Wheeler concted four surveys of the American West. These surveys led to several new concepts in geology. American geologist Grove Karl Gilbert described the Basin and Range Province and first recognized laccoliths (round igneous rock intrusions). Reports also came back of spectacular sites such as Yellowstone, Yosemite, and the Grand Canyon, which would later become national parks. Competition between these survey parties finally led the Congress of the United States to establish the U.S. Geological Survey in 1879.

F Geologic Time

Determining the age of the earth became a renewed scholarly effort in the 19th century. Unlike the Greeks and most eastern philosophers, who considered the earth to be eternal, western philosophers believed that the planet had a definite beginning and must have a measurable age. One way to measure this age was to count generations in the Bible, as the Anglican Archbishop James Ussher did in the 1600s, coming up with a total of about 6000 years. In the 1700s, French natural scientist George Louis Leclerc (Comte de Buffon) tried to measure the age of the earth. He calculated the time it would take the planet to cool based on the cooling rates of iron balls and came up with 75,000 years. During the 18th century, James Hutton argued that processes such as erosion, occurring at observed rates, indicated an earth that was immeasurably old. By the early 19th century, geologists commonly spoke in terms of "millions of years." Even religious professors, such as English clergyman and geologist William Buckland, referred to this length of time.

Other means for calculating the age of the earth used in the 19th century included determining how long it would take the sea to become salty and calculating how long it would take for thick piles of sediment to accumulate. Irish physicist William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) returned to Buffon's method and calculated that the earth was no more than 100 million years old. Meanwhile, Charles Darwin and others argued that evolution proceeded slowly enough that it required at least hundreds of millions of years.

With the discovery of radioactivity in 1896 by French physicist Henri Becquerel, scientists, such as British physicist Ernest Rutherford and American radiochemist Bertram Boltwood, recognized that the ages of minerals and rocks could be determined by radiometric dating. By the early 20th century, Boltwood had dated some rocks to be more than 2 billion years old. During this time, English geologist Arthur Holmes began a long career of refining the dates on the geologic time scale, a practice that continues to this day.

G Theory of Continental Drift

In 1910 American geologist Frank B. Taylor proposed that lateral (sideways) motion of continents caused mountain belts to form on their front edges. Building on this idea in 1912, German meteorologist Alfred Wegener proposed a theory that came to be known as Continental Drift: He proposed that the continents had moved and were once part of one, large supercontinent called Pangaea. Wegener was attempting to explain the origin of continents and oceans when he expanded upon Taylor』s idea. His evidence included the shapes of continents, the physics of ocean crust, the distribution of fossils, and paleoclimatology data.

Continental drift helped to explain a major geologic issue of the 19th century: the origin of mountains. Theories commonly called on the cooling and contracting of the earth to form mountain chains. The mountain-building theories of German geo

❸ 數學,語文,英語,歷史,地理,生物,用英語怎麼說

數學復：arith ／制mathematics／maths／math
語文：Chinese
英語：English
歷史：annals／history
地理:geography
生物:abc warfare/biology/critter life-form/quick

❹ 「地理」的英文怎麼讀

地理的英文翻譯是geography，句中作為名詞使用，具體解析如下：

geography

英 [dʒiˈɒgrəfi] 美 [dʒiˈɑ:grəfi]

n.地理（學）;地形，地勢;布局

相關短語：

1、historical geography 歷史地理

2、humane geography 人文地理學

3、physical geography 自然地理學

4、political geography 政治地理,人口地理

(4)歷史地理學英語名詞擴展閱讀

相關例句：

1、.

他仔細研究了該省的地形。

2、.

它幫助你同時學習英語和地理。

3、I'.

我也學歷史和地理。

4、The geography paper was difficult.

地理試題很難。

5、I have only a sketchy knowledge of geography.

我對地理只是一知半解。

❺ 用英語翻譯幾個學科。專有名詞

哲學 Philosophy
馬克思主義哲學 Philosophy of Marxism
中國哲學 Chinese Philosophy
外國哲學 Foreign Philosophies
邏輯學 Logic
倫理學 Ethics
美學 Aesthetics
宗教學 Science of Religion
科學技術哲學 Philosophy of Science and Technology
經濟學 Economics
理論經濟學 Theoretical Economics
政治經濟學 Political Economy
經濟思想史 History of Economic Thought
經濟史 History of Economic
西方經濟學 Western Economics
世界經濟 World Economics
人口、資源與環境經濟學 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics
應用經濟學 Applied Economics
國民經濟學 National Economics
區域經濟學 Regional Economics
財政學（含稅收學） Public Finance (including Taxation)
金融學（含保險學） Finance (including Insurance)
產業經濟學 Instrial Economics
國際貿易學 International Trade
勞動經濟學 Labor Economics
統計學 Statistics
數量經濟學 Quantitative Economics
中文學科、專業名稱 英文學科、專業名稱
國防經濟學 National Defense Economics
法學 Law
法學 Science of Law
法學理論 Jurisprudence
法律史 Legal History
憲法學與行政法學 Constitutional Law and Administrative Law
刑法學 Criminal Jurisprudence
民商法學(含勞動法學、社會保障法學) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )
訴訟法學 Science of Procere Laws
經濟法學 Science of Economic Law
環境與資源保護法學 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law
國際法學(含國際公法學、國際私法學、國際經濟法學、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)
軍事法學 Science of Military Law
政治學 Political Science
政治學理論 Political Theory
中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution
科學社會主義與國際共產主義運動 Scientific Socialism and International
Communist Movement
中共黨史(含黨的學說與黨的建設) History of the Communist Party of China
(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)
馬克思主義理論與思想政治教育 Ecation of Marxist Theory and Ecation in Ideology and Politics
國際政治學 International Politics
國際關系學 International Relations
外交學 Diplomacy
社會學 Sociology
社會學 Sociology
人口學 Demography
人類學 Anthropology
民俗學(含中國民間文學) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)
民族學 Ethnology
民族學 Ethnology
馬克思主義民族理論與政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy
中國少數民族經濟 Chinese Ethnic Economics
中國少數民族史 Chinese Ethnic History
中國少數民族藝術 Chinese Ethnic Art
教育學 Ecation
教育學 Ecation Science
教育學原理 Ecational Principle
課程與教學論 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology
教育史 History of Ecation
比較教育學 Comparative Ecation
學前教育學 Pre-school Ecation
高等教育學 Higher Ecation
成人教育學 Alt Ecation
職業技術教育學 Vocational and Technical Ecation
特殊教育學 Special Ecation
教育技術學 Ecation Technology
心理學 Psychology
基礎心理學 Basic Psychology
發展與心理學 Developmental and Ecational Psychology
應用心理學 Applied Psychology
體育學 Science of Physical Culture and Sports
體育人文社會學 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports
運動人體科學 Human Movement Science
體育教育訓練學 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training
民族傳統體育學 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports
文學 Literature
中國語言文學 Chinese Literature
文藝學 Theory of Literature and Art
語言學及應用語言學 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics
漢語言文字學 Chinese Philology
中國古典文獻學 Study of Chinese Classical Text
中國古代文學 Ancient Chinese Literature
中國現當代文學 Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature
中國少數民族語言文學 Chinese Ethnic Language and
Literature
比較文學與世界文學 Comparative Literature and World Literature
外國語言文學 Foreign Languages and Literatures
英語語言文學 English Language and Literature
俄語語言文學 Russian Language and Literature
法語語言文學 French Language and Literature
德語語言文學 German Language and Literature
日語語言文學 Japanese Language and Literature
印度語言文學 Indian Language and Literature
西班牙語語言文學 Spanish Language and Literature
阿拉伯語語言文學 Arabic Language and Literature
歐洲語言文學 European Language and Literature
亞非語言文學 Asian-African Language and Literature
外國語言學及應用語言學 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in
Foreign Languages
新聞傳播學 Journalism and Communication
新聞學 Journalism
傳播學 Communication
藝術學 Art
藝術學 Art Theory
音樂學 Music
美術學 Fine Arts
設計藝術學 Artistic Design
戲劇戲曲學 Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera
電影學 Film
廣播電視藝術學 Radio and television Art
舞蹈學 Dance
歷史學 History
歷史學 History
史學理論及史學史 Historical Theories and History of Historical Science
考古學及博物館學 Archaeology and Museology
歷史地理學 Historical Geography
歷史文獻學(含敦煌學、古文字學) Studies of Historical Literature (including
Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang)
專門史 History of Particular Subjects
中國古代史 Ancient Chinese History
中國近現代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History
世界史 World History
理學 Natural Science
數學 Mathematics
基礎數學 Fundamental Mathematics
計算數學 Computational Mathematics
概率論與數理統計 Probability and Mathematical Statistics
應用數學 Applied mathematics
運籌學與控制論 Operational Research and Cybernetics
物理學 Physics
理論物理 Theoretical Physics
粒子物理與原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics
原子與分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics
等離子體物理 Plasma Physics
凝聚態物理 Condensed Matter Physics
聲學 Acoustics
光學 Optics
無線電物理 Radio Physics
化學 Chemistry
無機化學 Inorganic Chemistry
分析化學 Analytical Chemistry
有機化學 Organic Chemistry
物理化學（含化學物理） Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)
高分子化學與物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers
天文學 Astronomy
天體物理 Astrophysics
天體測量與天體力學 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics
地理學 Geography
自然地理學 Physical Geography
人文地理學 Human Geography
地圖學與地理信息系統 Cartography and Geography Information System
大氣科學 Atmospheric Sciences
氣象學 Meteorology
大氣物理學與大氣環境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment
海洋科學 Marine Sciences
物理海洋學 Physical Oceanography
海洋化學 Marine Chemistry
海洋生理學 Marine Biology
海洋地質學 Marine Geology
地球物理學 Geophysics
固體地球物理學 Solid Earth Physics
空間物理學 Space Physics
地質學 Geology
礦物學、岩石學、礦床學 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology
地球化學 Geochemistry
古生物學與地層學（含古人類學） Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including
Paleoanthropology)
構造地質學 Structural Geology
第四紀地質學 Quaternary Geology
生物學 Biology
植物學 Botany
動物學 Zoology
生理學 Physiology
水生生物學 Hydrobiology
微生物學 Microbiology
神經生物學 Neurobiology
遺傳學 Genetics
發育生物學 Developmental Biology
細胞生物學 Cell Biology
生物化學與分子生物學 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
生物物理學 Biophysics
生態學 Ecology
系統科學 Systems Science
系統理論 Systems Theory
系統分析與集成 Systems Analysis and Integration
科學技術史 History of Science and Technology
工學 Engineering
力學 Mechanics
一般力學與力學基礎 General and Fundamental Mechanics
固體力學 Solid Mechanics
流體力學 Fluid Mechanics
工程力學 Engineering Mechanics
機械工程 Mechanical Engineering
機械製造及其自動化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation
機械電子工程 Mechatronic Engineering
機械設計與理論 Mechanical Design and Theory
車輛工程 Vehicle Engineering
光學工程 Optical Engineering
儀器科學與技術 Instrument Science and Technology
精密儀器及機械 Precision Instrument and Machinery
測試計量技術及儀器 Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments
材料科學與工程 Materials Science and Engineering
材料物理與化學 Materials Physics and Chemistry
材料學 Materialogy
材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering
冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering
冶金物理化學 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy
鋼鐵冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy
有色金屬冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy
動力工程及工程熱物理 Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics
工程熱物理 Engineering Thermophysics
熱能工程 Thermal Power Engineering
動力機械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering
流體機械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering
製冷及低溫工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering
化工過程機械 Chemical Process Equipment
電氣工程 Electrical Engineering
電機與電器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus
電力系統及其自動化 Power System and its Automation
高電壓與絕緣技術 High Voltage and Insulation Technology
電力電子與電力傳動 Power Electronics and Power Drives
電工理論與新技術 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering
電子科學與技術 Electronics Science and Technology
物理電子學 Physical Electronics
電路與系統 Circuits and Systems
微電子學與固體電子學 Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics
電磁場與微波技術 Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology
信息與通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering
通信與信息系統 Communication and Information Systems
信號與信息處理 Signal and Information Processing
控制科學與工程 Control Science and Engineering
控制理論與控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering
檢測技術與自動化裝置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment
系統工程 Systems Engineering
模式識別與智能系統 Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems
導航、制導與控制 Navigation, Guidance and Control
計算機科學與技術 Computer Science and Technology
計算機軟體與理論 Computer Software and Theory
計算機系統結構 Computer Systems Organization
計算機應用技術 Computer Applied Technology
建築學 Architecture
建築歷史與理論 Architectural History and Theory
建築設計及其理論 Architectural Design and Theory
城市規劃與設計（含風景園林規劃與設計） Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)
建築技術科學 Building Technology Science
土木工程 Civil Engineering
岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering
結構工程 Structural Engineering
市政工程 Municipal Engineering
供熱、供燃氣、通風及空調工程 Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering
防災減災工程及防護工程 Disaster Prevention and Rection Engineering and Protective Engineering
橋梁與隧道工程 Bridge and Tunnel Engineering
水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering
水文學及水資源 Hydrology and Water Resources
水力學及河流動力學 Hydraulics and River Dynamics
水工結構工程 Hydraulic Structure Engineering
水利水電工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering
港口、海岸及近海工程 Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering
測繪科學與技術 Surveying and Mapping
大地測量學與測量工程 Geodesy and Survey Engineering
攝影測量與遙感 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
地圖制圖學與地理信息工程 Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering
化學工程與技術 Chemical Engineering and Technology
化學工程 Chemical Engineering
化學工藝 Chemical Technology
生物化工 Biochemical Engineering
應用化學 Applied Chemistry
工業催化 Instrial Catalysis
地質資源與地質工程 Geological Resources and Geological Engineering
礦產普查與勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration
地球探測與信息技術 Geodetection and Information Technology
地質工程 Geological Engineering
礦業工程 Mineral Engineering
采礦工程 Mining Engineering
礦物加工工程 Mineral Processing Engineering
安全技術及工程 Safety Technology and Engineering
石油與天然氣工程 Oil and Natural Gas Engineering
油氣井工程 Oil-Gas Well Engineering
油氣田開發工程 Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering
油氣儲運工程 Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering
紡織科學與工程 Textile Science and Engineering
紡織工程 Textile Engineering
紡織材料與紡織品設計 Textile Material and Textiles Design
紡織化學與染整工程 Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering
服裝設計與工程 Clothing Design and Engineering
輕工技術與工程 The Light Instry Technology and Engineering
制漿造紙工程 Pulp and Paper Engineering
製糖工程 Sugar Engineering
發酵工程 Fermentation Engineering
皮革化學與工程 Leather Chemistry and Engineering
交通運輸工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering
道路與鐵道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering
交通信息工程及控制 Traffic Information Engineering & Control
交通運輸規劃與管理 Transportation Planning and Management
載運工具運用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering
船舶與海洋工程 Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
船舶與海洋結構物設計製造 Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure
輪機工程 Marine Engine Engineering
水聲工程 Underwater Acoustics Engineering
航空宇航科學與技術 Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology
飛行器設計 Flight Vehicle Design
航空宇航推進理論與工程 Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering
航空宇航器製造工程 Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle
人機與環境工程 Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering
兵器科學與技術 Armament Science and Technology
武器系統與運用工程 Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering
兵器發射理論與技術 Armament Launch Theory and Technology
火炮、自動武器與彈葯工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering
軍事化學與煙火技術 Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics
核科學與技術 Nuclear Science and Technology
核能科學與工程 Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering
核燃料循環與材料 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials
核技術及應用 Nuclear Technology and Applications
輻射防護及環境保護 Radiation and Environmental Protection
農業工程 Agricultural Engineering
放射醫學 Radiation Medicine
航空航天與航海醫學 Aerospace and Nautical medicine
臨床醫學 Clinical Medicine
內科學（含心血管病學、血液病學、呼吸系病學、消化系病學、內分泌與代謝病學、腎臟病學、風濕病學、傳染病學） Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)
兒科學 Pediatrics
老年醫學 Geriatrics
神經病學 Neurology
精神病與精神衛生學 Psychiatry and Mental Health
皮膚病與性病學 Dermatology and Venereology
影像醫學與核醫學 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine
臨床檢驗診斷學 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics
護理學 Nursing
外科學（含普通外科學、骨外科學、泌尿外科學、胸心血管外科學、神經外科學、整形外科學、燒傷外科學、野戰外科學） Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)
婦產科學 Obstetrics and Gynecology
眼科學 Ophthalmic Specialty
耳鼻咽喉科學 Otolaryngology
腫瘤學 Oncology
康復醫學與理療學 Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy
運動醫學 Sports Medicine
麻醉學 Anesthesiology
急診醫學 Emergency Medicine
口腔醫學 Stomatology
口腔基礎醫學 Basic Science of Stomatology
口腔臨床醫學 Clinical Science of Stomatology
公共衛生與預防醫學 Public Health and Preventive Medicine
流行病與衛生統計學 Epidemiology and Health Statistics
勞動衛生與環境衛生學 Occupational and Environmental Health
營養與食品衛生學 Nutrition and Food Hygiene
兒少衛生與婦幼保健學 Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health
衛生毒理學 Hygiene Toxicology
軍事預防醫學 Military Preventive Medicine
中醫學 Chinese Medicine
中醫基礎理論 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine
中醫臨床基礎 Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine
中醫醫史文獻 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine
方劑學 Formulas of Chinese Medicine
中醫診斷學 Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine
中醫內科學 Chinese Internal Medicine
中醫外科學 Surgery of Chinese Medicine
中醫骨傷科學 Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine
中醫婦科學 Gynecology of Chinese Medicine
中醫兒科學 Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine
中醫五官科學 Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine
針灸推拿學 Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine
民族醫學 Ethnomedicine
中西醫結合醫學 Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine
中西醫結合基礎醫學 Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative
中西醫結合臨床醫學 Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine
葯學 Pharmaceutical Science
葯物化學 Medicinal Chemistry
葯劑學 Pharmaceutics
生葯學 Pharmacognosy
葯物分析學 Pharmaceutical Analysis
微生物與生化葯學 Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy
葯理學 Pharmacology
中葯學 Science of Chinese Pharmacology
軍事學 Military Science
軍事思想學及軍事歷史學 Military Thought and Military History
軍事思想學 Military Thought
軍事歷史學 Military History
戰略學 Science of Strategy
軍事戰略學 Military Strategy
戰爭動員學 War Mobilization
戰役學 Science of Operations
聯合戰役學 Joint Operation
軍種戰役學（含第二炮兵戰役學） Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)
戰術學 Science of Tactics
合同戰術學 Combined-Arms Tactics
兵種戰術學 Branch Tactics
軍隊指揮學 Science of Command
作戰指揮學 Combat Command
軍事運籌學 Military Operation Research
軍事通信學 Military Communication
軍事情報學 Military Intelligence
密碼學 Cryptography
軍事教育訓練學
（含軍事體育學） Military Ecation and Training (including Military Physical Training)
軍制學 Science of Military System
軍事組織編制學 Military Organizational System
軍隊管理學 Military Management
軍隊政治工作學 Science of Military Political Work
軍事後勤學與軍事裝備學 Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment
軍事後勤學 Military Logistics
後方專業勤務 Rear Special Service
軍事裝備學 Military Equipment
管理學 Management Science
管理科學與工程 Management Science and Engineering
工商管理學 Science of Business Administration
會計學 Accounting
企業管理學（含財務管理、市場營銷學、人力資源管理學） Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)
旅遊管理學 Tourist Management
技術經濟及管理學 Technology Economy and Management
農林經濟管理學 Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management
農業經濟管理學 Agricultural Economics & Management
林業經濟管理學 Forestry Economics & Management
公共管理學 Science of Public Management
行政管理學 Administration Management
社會醫學與衛生事業管理學 Social Medicine and Health Management
教育經濟與管理學 Ecational Economy and Management
社會保障學 Social Security
土地資源管理學 Land Resource Management
圖書館、情報與檔案學 Science of Library, Information and Archival
圖書館學 Library Science
情報學 Information Science
檔案學 Archival Science

http://hi..com/lqn07/blog/

❻ 生物，地理，歷史，政治，語文，數學，英語它們分別的英文翻譯

數學 mathematics/maths
物理 physics
英語 english
政治 political class/course
生物 organism
地理 geography
歷史 history

❼ 「歷史地理學」英語怎麼說

historical geography
history geography
histo-geography

❽ 各個學科的英文單詞分別是什麼

1、Chinese語文：語文是語言以及文學、文化的簡稱。

2、English英語：英語（English）作為世界通用語言，是聯合國的工作語言之一，也是事實上的國際交流語言。

3、Japanese日語：日語復雜的書寫系統是其一大特徵，其書寫系統包括了日語漢字（大多數的漢字又有音讀及訓讀兩種念法）、平假名、片假名三種文字系統

4、mathematics數學：數學(mathematics)，是研究數量、結構、變化、空間以及信息等概念的一門學科，從某種角度看屬於形式科學的一種。

5、science自然：自然是指大自然中各個事物的總體。

20、philosophy哲學

21、engineering工程學

22、mechanical engineering機械工程學

23、electronic engineering電子工程學

24、medicine醫學

25、social science社會科學

26、agriculture農學

27、astronomy天文學

28、economics經濟學

29、politics政治學

30、comercial science商學

31、biochemistry生物化學

32、anthropology人類學

33、languistics語言學

34、accounting會計學

35、law, jurisprdence法學

❾ 歷史和地理用英語怎麼讀

地理——geography的讀音：英 [dʒiˈɒgrəfi]，美 [dʒiˈɑ:grəfi]；歷史——history的讀音：英 [ˈhɪstri]，美 [ˈhɪstəri]

一、geography

英 [dʒiˈɒgrəfi] 美 [dʒiˈɑ:grəfi]

n.地理（學），地形，地勢，布局

1、Why are Geography, Drama, Art and English in the ascendant?

為什麼地理、戲劇、藝術和英語逐漸受寵？

2、History and geography have conspired to bring Greece to a moment of decision

歷史和地理因素共同將希臘推至作出抉擇的緊要關頭。

二、history

英 [ˈhɪstri] 美 [ˈhɪstəri]

n.歷史，歷史學，發展史，履歷，經歷，（某地的）沿革

1、Its history is expressive of the character and development of the people who possess it.

它的歷史體現了其擁有者的性格特徵和發展過程。

2、The book is a kind of allegory of Latin American history.

這本書是對拉丁美洲歷史的一種諷喻。

(9)歷史地理學英語名詞擴展閱讀

相關詞：表示學科的英文

一、historical

英 [hɪˈstɒrɪkl] 美 [hɪˈstɔ:rɪkl]

adj.歷史的，歷史上的；有關歷史研究的，有根據的，基於史實的

You must place these events in their historical context .

必須把這些事件同它們的歷史環境聯系起來看。

二、geographical

英 [ˌdʒi:ə'ɡræfɪkl] 美 [ˌdʒi:ə'ɡræfɪkl]

adj.地理學的，地理的

1、Its geographical location stimulated overseas mercantile enterprise.

它的地理位置引起了海外商家的興趣。

2、Geographical distance is also a factor.

地理距離也是個因素。

❿ 歷史地理和英語怎麼才能學的更好呀

多記多背多看多做題，見得多了就會了。不過地理最好是理解著去記憶，這樣效果才好