地質災害課件

❶ 哪位朋友有災害地質學、水文地質學的PPT課件啊麻煩提供一下，不甚感激。

中科院成都山地所應該研究災害地質學，到那邊網站上看看

❷ 如何正確應對地震的次生災害 課件

地震次生災害一般是指地震強烈震動後，以震動的破壞後果為導因而引起的一系列其他災害。

如：地震發生後，可能引起火災、毒氣污染、細菌污染、放射性污染、滑坡和泥石流、水災；沿海地區可能遭受海嘯的襲擊；冬天發生的地震容易引起凍災；夏天發生的地震，由於人畜屍體來不及處理及環境條件的惡化，可引起環境污染和瘟疫流行等等。


第一節地震次生災害的種類
地震發生後，可能引起火災、毒氣污染、細菌污染、放射性污染、滑坡和泥石流、水災；沿海地區可能遭受海嘯的襲擊；冬天發生的地震容易引起凍災；夏天發生的地震，由於人畜屍體來不及處理及環境條件的惡化，可引起環境污染和瘟疫流行；另外，震時有的人跳樓，公共場所的群眾蜂擁外逃可造成稱為「盲目避震」的摔、擠、踩等傷亡；大地震後由於人們的恐震心理、地震謠傳或誤傳，還可出現不分時間、不分地區「盲目搭建防震棚」災害；隨著生產力的發展，一些新的次生災害也可能出現，如高層建築玻璃損壞造成的「玻璃雨」災害；信息儲存系統破壞引起的稱為「記憶毀壞」災害等。

第二節城市地震次生災害
地震火災產生的原因
(1) 爐火引起火災。爐火包括民用爐火和工商業用爐火。由於地震震動，爐具傾倒、損壞引起火災。目前，該類火災在我國佔主要比例。

（2）電氣設施損壞引起火災。強烈地震時，電氣線路和設備都有可能損壞或產生故障，有時還會發生電弧，引起易燃物質的燃燒，產生火災。

(3) 化學制劑的化學反應引起火災。化驗室、實驗室、化學倉庫里的化學品劑品種多、性質復雜。強烈地震時，各種品劑產生碰撞或掉在地上，容器或包裝破壞，化學品劑脫出或流出。有的在空氣中可自燃，有些性質不同的品劑混在一起而產生化學反應，引起燃燒或爆炸。

(4) 高溫高壓生產工序的爆炸和燃燒。有些生產工序，特別是化工生產中的聚合、合成、磷化、氧化、還原等工序，一般都具有放熱反應和高溫高壓的特點，極易產生爆炸和燃燒。由於地震時往往停電、停水，正在進行生產的工序，由於停電造成停止攪拌和失去冷卻水的控制，溫度和壓力驟然上升，當超過反應容器耐溫耐壓極限時，就可產生爆炸和燃燒。

(5) 易燃、易爆物質的燃燒和爆炸。易燃易爆物質有氣體、液體和固體三種。主要有天然氣、煤氣、沼氣、乙炔氣、石油類產品、酒類產品、火柴、彈葯等。地震時，盛裝上列物質的容器可能損壞，物品脫出或泄出，如遇火源，即可起火。有些物質，如火柴、彈葯，怕碰撞。地震時，由於撞擊和摩擦，這些物品可產生爆炸和燃燒。有些液體，如石油，地震時油管或容器的損壞，液體的高速流動，產生很高靜電，在噴入空間時，與某種接地體之間形成很高的電位差，引起集中放電，引燃液體形成爆炸。該類火災往往規模大，損失嚴重。

(6) 煙囪損壞。強烈地震對煙囪的破壞是很大的，由於煙囪破壞，煙火很容易冒出爐外引起火災。

(7) 防震棚火災。防震棚火災是震區的一種較普遍的火災，其產生原因有兩個方面。

一方面，防震棚多是簡易臨時建築，搭建很快，很少考慮安全防火措施。建築材料一般為笆、葦箔、油氈及塑料布等易燃材料。防震棚內空間小，各種物品靠得很緊，火種易於傳播。防震棚密度很大，消防通道狹窄，又沒有必要的消防器材和設備，一旦著火，不易撲滅，易形成「火燒連營」，造成重大損失。

另一方面，主要是人們缺乏防火知識，思想麻痹，用火不慎造成的。


毒氣、細菌、放射性污染產生的原因
毒氣污染、細菌污染和放射性污染是城市潛在的次生災害，其產生原因比火災簡單得多。一般局限於生產、儲存及使用這些物質的部門，涉及面較小。它們的產生一般來自兩個方面：①生產車間破壞、儲存容器損壞；②生產或使用時的失控造成。


「盲目避震」災害產生的原因
「盲目避震」災害也是城市或人口稠密地區的一個較普遍的地震次生災害。除了客觀原因外，其主要原因是，人們缺乏地震知識，恐震心理嚴重，地震時驚慌，不正確地採取避震措施造成的。

第三節地震滑坡和泥石流災害
我國是一個多山的國家，山地、丘陵和比較崎嶇的高原佔全國總面積的三分之二。這些地區地震時一般都伴隨不同程度的崩塌、滑坡和泥石流災害，它是一類嚴重的地震次生災害。

崩塌是陡坡上大塊的多裂隙的岩體在地震力或重力作用下突然崩落的現象。滑坡是斜坡上不穩定的土體(或岩體)在地震力或重力作用下沿一定的滑動面（滑動帶）整體向下滑動的現象。崩塌實際上是滑坡的一種特殊情況，因此，本節不再單獨說明崩塌的問題。泥石流是山地在地震力或重力作用下暴發的飽含大量水、泥、砂、石塊的洪流。本節僅就地震作用下產生的滑坡和泥石流(稱為地震滑坡、泥石流)進行介紹和討論，而自然滑坡和泥石流不予贅述。

地震滑坡和泥石流的特徵

❸ 以「自然災害，呼籲拯救地球」為主題的PPT，從哪幾個方面做

先從大范圍看，將整個地球隨著災害的加重而不斷惡化，再從局部，看那些工業回發達的國家的環境答，還有以開采資源為主要發展方式的國家的環境，最終將主題引向人類最後的命運，讓人們意識到只有不斷改善自然環境才會長存。。。。

❹ 急求英語演講稿PPT，講關於最近自然災害（如日本地震什麼的。拜託了TAT 郵箱：[email protected]

具體可看這里http://user.qzone.qq.com/907790443/blog/1300004760ENGLISH

About Japan's 9.0 earthquake some people will sympathy for some people would be glad that is normal 2 extremely differentiation, this is because you think differ ~ I think in this talk about my personal opinion ~ I am a senior middle students (pen name: half a bottle of fairy vinegar), I thank is now a free speech world ~

Indeed for our country implemented before Japan had a major wars of aggression, but we should recognize the each democratic countries will be to his own people and state interests struggle. At the expense of other countries, while Japan that year for our people of brutal really let every one of us is hated very much, but it also has its profound reason is mainly Japan location in the Eurasia plate and the Pacific plate junction of volcanic earthquakes are a belt. And secondary disasters, although more sea resources are rich. Then it's because when Japanese and cultural ideological mostly used in China, one of the aesthetic - cruel beauty, bloody beauty. Observe carefully will find our China at that time (period of feudalism) many art craft, painting can discover, this is our art teacher said. Don't know how Japan will this kind of understanding has been developing down, and we China graally emerged many other ideas to make our country becomes a formal state (I'm not quite sure process). Every country has its different ethnic concept and know that we must admit, such as the European countries, the Chinese implicative candid, etc... It's all because of different objective thing role and of generation, is the objective world of the proct.

But now Japanese does and former different, humanitarian already thorough popular feeling, it seems we China -- had many other countries are not understand China, some still think Chinese man still keep long braid, women still wrapped tuck diveseethe attacks, but now we real Chinese! Doesn't the same, this is just like us to Japan's understanding, we must not immutable treat problems, we should know objective thing is developing and changing. History we should remember, but the national editing < history textbook: what is the cause of, difficult way is want us to avenge, no! No, is to use to motivate us for our national struggle, make our country stronger, the have-nots no diplomatic. This is inevitable ~ (our country graally strong but can not to invade other people's country, we just guard in the national interest)

Those old aggression our Japanese people already meaninglessness, now of the Japanese and we have no hatred, our friendly, Chinese people should not on others when the natural disasters schadenfreude, we look at the national leaders are timely help, we Chinese people also deal with others to help and care, I believe that the vast majority of Chinese people are friendly, which we can not to point and surface, we must let the other countries see we Chinese tolerance and generous side, we Chinese are "dragon". Who is a natural attributes and social attribute, the fusion of people are to have emotional animal not inorganic, how can we really looking at human eye such by nature decree? ~

Now geological disasters occur frequently, if have really "the end of the world", also only depend on our worldwide countries unite together to respond, comprehensive all science and technology will likely be successful, an independent state is impossible, to know we are all people, is the crystallization of the universe, the universe is the ultimate proct, perhaps disasters logic factors is for people of the world unite ~

Today is March 20 in 2011, Sunday afternoon, our school has been canceled, continue to write this article is the most significant this week my mind ~ then get down to business! See a story on television recently in the rescue team - go to day care basic depend to daily life in Japan, the disaster, pitched tents where relief will live in tents, where water is e to lack of general physical practice "three-no wash", i.e. not shave, don't wash feet, not wash hands, they day water is what most of the bubble instant noodles, they go to the Japanese shops to buy some food Japanese merchants in China after that they are resolute don't accept money teams and sent rescue teams some daily no-brainer and some restricted foods, handshake friendly, it makes the Japanese people know Asian people didn't give up on them. Rescuers captain said: "we walk on the way to disaster relief, each place the Japanese people met we thank bow, but they use very fluent Chinese said to us," hello, thank. This moment I feel my heart seems to be touched, why all nations in the world people cannot like a family harmony? I believe this must be realized ~

Japan "earthquake", "tsunami", "nuclear leaked," "east Japan may be completely destroyed," "Japan 2 million people missing" these news out graally, but I saw a lot of online but in troubled clap, say many bad word, see more my mood more sad, I know the nanjing massacre, the diaoyu island events, but is it really this is people's fault? Here is an in Shanghai in the living in Japan for Chinese Internet users say "from Japan since I came to China I know many don't know deep in Japan, I can understand what happened in our country when some Chinese natural disaster, but I would be glad to such behavior understands that, if I am a Chinese may I will be also very happy, but when I saw a lot of Chinese people to our country's natural disasters give blessing, sympathy and help when I was deeply touched, I thank them to have such rational knowledge to treat our country's disaster, I feel very warm, I am here to those since our country aggression of the slain before that I am sorry people, really very sorry." Whenever I see a large group of people on the affected and the fading people say, sympathy and condolences from my heart the "good guys always feel more than bad," really ~, one the nanjing massacre survivors say "I maliciously is the Japanese government is not Japan people" (don't know is true, but the starting point is good).

Most of the Chinese earthquake in Japan in the sympathy when Posting online praying, but there are some who say they are "traitors"... Ill, said we 90 such learning is not learn, after this debate that online, some say that part of people called "cynical", I want to say is, indeed, regardless of any one thing, a light conflicts have dark, someone in favor of will certainly opposition, but the reason is because light day there will be a far outweigh its darkness, the nature of things that depends on far outweigh under certain conditions may darkness will be greater than the light (such as at night), but that is only temporary, the truth is higher than all, eventually light will come.

"Cynical" children, I thank your patriotic enthusiasm, I also very patriotic, I hope our Chinese more powerful (please everyone working together), I know that want to change your thinking is not easy, even impossible, but I don't plan to control, I hope is that the correct view of people don't shake faith of the heart. Know now after the 90 students (90%) why large portions of sympathy for Japan? "In Japan super-large after the earthquake, the 100 Chinese each university professor of Japan signed out issued a warm hand" article, arouse the help of the Japanese public countrymen on "a lot of Chinese (70%) also have given us a lot of help and sympathy ~ it is because of China's national ecation now in the constant rise, China's society in the unceasing development, although we now have a number of disadvantages in China, but I believe that China can do for humanity and life, people had a deeper understanding of men are different from animals, is because people have the rational understanding. Really a different social existence will decide a different social consciousness, when a new social existence appeared, there are some social consciousness is not soon becomes the corresponding social existence, which will have a long transition time, can appear even tolerate. Simple parable about although "equality" concept already thorough popular feeling, but there are still some country or some people still have the heart of the concept of "boys are better than girls". Here are "boys are better than girls" is the old days (social consciousness) lack of labor (social existence), and determined by the modern science and technology, proction level is high, high (the new social existence) and decided to "equality" (new social consciousness), these few person relations and like the parable of above same. We should understand "cynical" the mood, really in modern society "humanitarian", "life above all" has graally pervasive, and we all know the world is developing and changing, who can't prevent the objective world development and change (all history and the modern event can proof), the development of the objective world, despite the good aspects of always tends to be a history will sometimes backwards developed but also he will, the general trend is moving forward, is for the better, just all time length problem just (this is time power), all the wrong ideas and understanding will be social eliminated only accord with the objective reality development, the right would have been retained ~ it's like our China feudal society from a socialist country now AD hoc as, I thank Marx teach me these, "thank you." So in the modern "respect for every life" is what we should do, don't those Japanese dead our own countrymen can came alive? We can't change history, but it does not mean we will continue to give history ", "I still believe blackened new ideas right will eventually supplant old ideas.

I am a senior high school science students, our school is a week of Sunday afternoon put half afternoon false (5 hours) night at wanzi xi, (actually I compare lazy) but I spent two Sunday's time to write this story, because I see the miserable scene and Japanese earthquake victims disappointed eyes, loss of pain. Their eyes prompted me to write this article. (I want to become a scientist) ~ let I really really hope the world without war hope the whole world can coexist in peace, all together. I believe that this is possible (because it is compound the objective reality of)... Because good than bad always, hope you can send this article reproced or released to all over the world, thank you ~ (out)

Author: half a bottle of fairy vinegar (pen name)

❺ 初一寒假地理作業防災避險，從我做起的ppt如何製作

賞30分！賞30分！賞30分！賞30分！賞30分！

❻ 我需要一些有關自然災害的英文介紹，比如說地震啊，，海嘯啊之類的，我要用來做PPT，謝謝各位啦=。=

我國是一個自然災害頻繁而又嚴重的國家，每年都有一些地區遭受乾旱、洪澇、滑坡、泥石流、台風、冰雹、霜凍、病蟲鼠草等災害的襲擊，地震災害也時有發生，給人民生命財產造成嚴重損失。
China is a frequent natural disasters and the country every year, in some areas drought, 洪澇, landslides, the frost, typhoons, the hail, the grass, waiting for disasters and pests and diseases should attack. the earthquake, disaster can also occur to the people's lives and property incurred severe losses.
1.earthquake calamity地震災害
中國除貴州、浙江省外，各省均發生過6級以上地震，其中發生過7級以上強震的省、自治區、直轄市就有19個。全國7級以上高烈度區的面積達312萬平方公里，占國土面積的32％。全國45％的大中城市位於烈度為7度或7度以上的高烈度區。
China except outside Guizhou, Zhejiang Province, various provinces has 6 magnitude of above earthquakes, in which has had 7 level of above macroseism provinces,the autonomous region, the municipality has had 19.The national 7 level of above high intensity area area amounts to 3,120,000 square kilometers, occupies thenational territory area 32%.The national 45% big or media-sized cities are located the intensity are 7 degree or 7 degree above high intensity areas.
2.aridity calamity乾旱災害
水資源持續減少。The water resources rece continually.
湖泊水位降低，水面縮小甚至乾涸。The lake water level reces, the water surface reces even dry.
冰川退縮和變薄 The glacier flinches and changes thin
沙漠化土地明顯擴展。Desertification land obvious expansion.
3.spate calamity洪澇災害
多年來，由於盲目開墾砍伐，使植被大面積喪失，造成水土流失、江河泥沙淤積，河床抬高。For many years, because blindly has opened up wasteland the felling, causes the vegetation big area to lose, creates the soil erosion, the rivers and streams silt siltation, the river bed run-up.
4.soil erosion 水土流失
我國是世界上水土流失最嚴重的國家之一，每年流失土壤50多億噸，佔世界總流失量（600億噸〕的1／12，每年的入海泥沙量約20億噸，亦佔世界陸地人海泥沙量（240億噸）的1／12。Our country is in the world one of soil erosion most serious countries, drains the soil more than 50 hundred million tons every year, occupies the world always drains the quantity (60,000,000,000tons) 1/12, every year enters the sea silt quantity approximately 2,000,000,000 tons, also accounts for the world land huge crowd silt quantity (24,000,000,000 tons) 1/12.
5.landslide 滑坡
如人為的爆破作用、開挖坡腳或礦坑、坡面上堆填載入、生產和生活用水下滲等改變了原有的地質環境，破壞了平衡，礦山、鐵路、水庫旁的山體滑坡主要是這個原因。If the artificial demolition effect, excavated on the toe of slope or the mine pit, the slope face the pile fills in under the load, the proction and the domestic water infiltrates and so on to change the original geological environment, destroyed the balance, nearby the mine, the railroad, the reservoir mountain massif landslide mainly is this reason.
人類的不合理生產活動，導致了環境的惡化，環境的惡化誘發或加重了自然災害的發生，而自然災害的發生又進一步破壞了環境，對人類進行了無情的報復，這是一個惡性循環。為了防止或減緩這一惡性循環的發生和延續，就必須充分發揮人類社會的調控機能，遵循自然規律，在人與自然環境之間尋求和諧的關系，改善環境，減輕災害，為人類生存和社會發展創造更加美好的環境條件。
The humanity proces the activity not reasonably, has caused the environment worsening, the environment worsened suggestion or aggravated the natural disaster occurrence, but the natural disaster occurrence further destroyed the environment, has carried on the heartless retaliation to the humanity, this is a vicious circle.In order to prevent or slows down this vicious circle the occurrence and the extension, must display the human society fully the regulative function, the deference natural law, seeks the harmonious relations between the human and the natural environment, the improvement environment, reces the disaster,creates the happier environmental condition for the human survival and the social development.

❼ 地質災害ppt

地質災害是地質作用對人民生命財產和國家建設事業造成的危害，PPT是多媒體幻燈片